Phenomena of cavitation are known in the hydrodynamics as ones distroying the constructions of hydromashines, watercrafts and pipelines. The cavitation can arise in liquids by the stream turbulence, also by the irradiation of the liquid with the ultrasonic field, which is arose by the irradiator. These methods for the generation of the cavitation field have been used to solve engineering problems in industry. These are poblems of the dispersion of materials, mixing of immiscible liquids, emulsification. But these methods did not gain a wide acceptance in the Russian industry because of the high costs of the equipment and strength characteristics of irradiators.
The suggested solution of these problems is based on hydromashines with a continuous action for the creation of the cavitation field in the fluid flow. Unlike traditional methods (where the cavitation field was gained with the help of ultrasonic devices and a hydrodynamic whistle) these hydromashines allow to get the cavitation field in any liquid with different physical properties and with necessary frequency characteristics. It predetermines a wide sphere of application of these mashines in engineering processs in the industry. These mashines, named by the author as "cavitators", can be applied in such branches of industry as the food industry to produce liquid food products (for example, mayonnaise, juices, vegetable oils, dairy products, mixed fodders, etc. ), the chemical industry (paintwork materials), for the production of fertilizers in the agriculture, in the building industry (for the enrichment of clay, improvement of concretes, production of new building materials using ordinary components).
There also have been conducted different researches of the cavitation effect of these mashines if using them as heat pumps. The energy is generated by the break of the cohesion in the liquid in the process of its passing through the cavitation field. Full-scale researches in this field can give as a result new heat plants, which will be independent and will have a wider range of application for the heating of not vey big buildings remote from heat-mains and even current lines.
In the power engineering these mashines have been used to produce new fuels: artificial mazut, briquetted fuel with ecologicaly pure binding agents from the natural peat; it have been also used in technologies of usual fuels application (oil, straw oil, mazut) to reduce the fuel consumption in 25-30%.
I. Agrotechnologies
- The use of the cavitator for the production of juices, ketchup from vegetables and fruits, berries containing small seeds which are difficult to separate by the preparation of the product. The cavitator allows to produce juices from such berries as raspberry, currants without the separation of seeds. Seeds are dispersed till 5 micromicron and are a foam component in the product.
- The use of the cavitator in the technology of the production of vegetable oils allows to increase the output of the oil and the productivity of the equipment. This technology allows to produce oil from any oil-containing vegetable crops and to produce foam food additives for farm animals.
- The technological line for the production of mayonnaise.
- The tchnological line for the production of the oil and food additives from softwoods.
- Cavitation plants allow to produce new kinds of feeds from the peat and wastes of the grain processing.
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Fertilizers, so-called "humates", can be produced from the peat, vegetables and grain-crops with the help of the cavitator.
II. Power engineering
- The production of the liquid fuel from wastes of the coal production and peat. The fuel can srve as a substitute of the mazut (peat-coal fuel).
- The technological line for the prodcution of peat-sawdust briquettes and building materials.
- The production of sorbents for oil products.
- There are preliminary developmental works for the use of cavitators for the production of petrols and oils from the crude petroleum using a noncommercial wellwithout a cracking.
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The use of cavitators for an autonomous heating of rooms as a heat-transfer-medium heater with a low capacity (up to 100 kilowatt).
III. Civil engineering
- An improved paintwork material (finer dispersion of extenders and colorants) is being tested.
- The technological line for the production of varnish, dispersed and water paints.
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The use of the cavitator for the production of new building materials can be promising:
- improved concretes and mortars;
- enrichment of clay to produce bricks. - Cavitators can be used for the refinement of metals and details from rust, cinder, etc.
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Cavitators can be used as mixers for immiscible components and getting a homogeneous structure in food and chemical industries.
IV. Others
- There have been produced components for the plant for the production of steam with the help of electric energy. The aggregate can be used for the production of feeds, building materials, sterilization, etc.
- The refinement of the waste water from sedimentary materials. The refinement of the water from oil products.